Who is Aunt Minnie?
The exact origins of the term “Aunt Minnie” are a bit hazy, but it’s believed to have been coined in the 1940s by Dr. Ben Felson, a radiologist at the University of Cincinnati. He used it to describe “a case with radiologic findings so specific and compelling that no realistic differential diagnosis exists.”
What is Aunt Minnie method?
The Aunt Minnie approach was explained by analogy: if you knew well your aunt named Minnie, then you would easily recognize her in a crowd of similar women. The recognition would be difficult to articulate to someone who has never seen your aunt Minnie before.
What is fixer in radiography?
The fixer stabilises the image, removing the unexposed silver halide remaining on the photographic film or photographic paper, leaving behind the reduced metallic silver that forms the image. By fixation, the film or paper is insensitive to further action by light.
What is replenisher in radiology?
Developer replenisher consists of: 1. Solvent: water is the solvent used in radiographic processing. It acts as carrying medium in which the developer constituents are dissolved. It has a softening effect on the film emulsion gelatin, thus allowing the chemicals tio penetrate the emulsion and act on silver halides.
How are fixers prepared?
Fixation is commonly achieved by treating the film or paper with a solution of thiosulfate salt. Popular salts are sodium thiosulfate—commonly called hypo—and ammonium thiosulfate—commonly used in modern rapid fixer formulae.
What is dark room in radiology?
The latent image produced when a radiographic film is exposed to a beam of X-ray can be visualized and examined only after the film has been suitably processed in the dark room. The room must be capable of being made completely lightproof. It should not be damp or subjected to extreme of temperature.
What was a darkroom?
A darkroom is used to process photographic film, to make prints and to carry out other associated tasks. It is a room that can be made completely dark to allow the processing of the light-sensitive photographic materials, including film and photographic paper.
What is in photographic fixer?
photographic development process The fixing bath contains a chemical (sodium or ammonium thiosulfate) that converts the silver halide into soluble, complex silver salts that dissolve in the fixer. During this process the film loses its original silver halide milkiness overlaying the image and becomes clear.
Are fixers acidic?
In addition to thiosulphate the fixer typically contains mildly acidic compounds to adjust the pH and suppress trace amounts of the developer. This compound is often an alkali hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite) which also serves to preserve the thiosulphate.
What is film fog in radiology?
Abstract. Film fog is a common cause of x-ray film artifact. The authors report an unusual source of film fogging in the darkroom–seen in three consecutive radiographs of two different patients–the exposure of film to the low light emission of a fluorescent commercial adhesive bandage worn by the technologist.
Why are pictures red room?
Darkrooms used red lighting to allow photographers to control light carefully, so that light-sensitive photographic paper would not become overexposed and ruin the pictures during the developing process. Because of the popularity of digital photography today, darkrooms are not as popular or necessary as they once were.
What is not allowed in the darkroom?
Avoid cyanides, heavy metals, and developers containing pyrocatechol or pyrogallol when possible. Do not store chemicals on the floor. Do not eat, drink or smoke in the darkroom. Keep a spill kit in the darkroom.