What are two types of design of a cooling tower?
Types of Cooling Tower There are two types of natural draught cooling tower, rectangular timber tower and reinforced concrete hyperbolic tower. 2) Mechanical or Forced Draught Cooling Tower: In this type of cooling tower, fan is used to circulate the air.
What are the three basic designs of cooling towers?
There are three main types of cooling towers that are defined by how water or air pass through them. These types include crossflow, counterflow, and hyperbolic. There are also two varieties classified solely on airflow, known as induced draft and passive draft cooling towers.
How are cooling towers designed?
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere. As a result, the remainder of the water is cooled down significantly.
How do you calculate TR on a cooling tower?
Multiply 500 times the water flow rate, times the temperature difference, divided by 12,000 or 500 x q x dt/12,000. The result is the tons of capacity of the cooling tower.
How much water do cooling towers use?
Traditional cooling towers can consume 2.4 gallons of water per minute of operation per 100 tons of cooling through evaporation (Vickers 2001). As cooling tower water evaporates, it leaves behind a concentration of dissolved solids including mineral deposits and other added process chemicals.
What is LG ratio in cooling tower?
The L/G ratio of a cooling tower is the ratio between the water and the air mass flow rates. Cooling towers have certain design values, but seasonal variations require adjustment and tuning of water and air flow rates to get the best cooling tower effectiveness.
How are chiller tons calculated?
Convert result into tons of chiller capacity. Divide Q (BTUs per hour) by 12,000 (the number of BTUs in one ton of cooling capacity). This yields the chiller capacity required to handle the process heat load in tons per hour: Example: 240,000/12,000= 20 tons/hr.
How is tr capacity calculated?
Generally, TR is defined as the amount of heat transferred to freeze or melt 1 short ton of ice at 0 deg. C in 24 hours. 1 TR is approximately equal to 12000 BTU or 3024 Kcal/hr of energy/heat load. The heat of fusion of water is about 335 KJ/kg or 80.01 kCal/kg.
What is the purpose of a cooling tower?
Cooling tower. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or,…
What are the types of cooling tower?
Crossflow. Crossflow cooling towers get their name because the air they use cuts perpendicularly across the flow of water.
Which cooling tower is more efficient, wet or drying cooling?
Wet cooling towers work efficiently in hot and dry climates, but as the ambient air becomes humid, the performance of wet cooling towers fall. Conversely, dry cooler performance is not affected by air humidity but relies on the air temperature.
What is a cooling tower’s working principle?
The basic working principle of cooling tower is to cool the hot water with the help of atmospheric air . Though it is widely used in different engineering sector and other refrigeration plant. The height of the cooling tower in thermal power plant is about 9 feet or above from the ground level.