How is renal clearance of a drug calculated?
Another equation can calculate clearance. Clearance is equal to the rate at which a drug is removed from plasma(mg/min) divided by the concentration of that drug in the plasma (mg/mL).
How do you calculate pharmacokinetic clearance?
The clearance of substance x (Cx) can be calculated as Cx = Ax /Px, where Ax is the amount of x eliminated from the plasma, Px is the average plasma concentration, and Cx is expressed in units of volume per time.
How is clearance rate calculated?
A clearance rate is calculated by dividing the number of crimes cleared by the number of crimes reported; the result is multiplied by 100. For example, in 2010 there were 1,154 homicides cleared and 1,809 homicides reported. This equals a homicide clearance rate of 63.8 percent.
What is extraction ratio in pharmacokinetics?
Extraction ratio (ER) is the fraction of drug that is removed from the blood or plasma as it crosses the eliminating organ (e.g. liver or kidney).
What is VD pharmacokinetics?
The volume of distribution (Vd) is a pharmacokinetic parameter representing an individual drug’s propensity to either remain in the plasma or redistribute to other tissue compartments.
How is pharmacokinetics measured?
As the analyte is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted, the drug and its metabolites are quantitatively determined by measuring the concentration of the radiolabeled compounds in such compartments as blood or plasma, urine, bile, feces, and tissue (56, 88).
What is clearance pharmacokinetics?
In pharmacology, clearance is a pharmacokinetic measurement of the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed per unit time. Usually, clearance is measured in L/h or mL/min.
What is high extraction ratio?
The ratio of the hepatic clearance of a drug to the hepatic blood flow is called the extraction ratio of the drug. Extraction ratio can be generally classified as high (>0.7), intermediate (0.3-0.7) or low (<0.3) according to the fraction of drug removed during one pass through the liver.
What does a high extraction ratio mean?
The drugs with a high extraction ratio will have their total hepatic clearance highly dependent on hepatic blood flow, and in low flow states their metabolism will suffer.
What is a good volume of distribution?
If the volume is between 7 4 and 15 7 L, the drug is thought to be distributed throughout the blood (plasma and red blood cells). If the volume of distribution is larger than 42, the drug is thought to be distributed to all tissues in the body, especially the fatty tissue.
What is a high Vd?
Definition/Introduction A drug with a high Vd has a propensity to leave the plasma and enter the extravascular compartments of the body, meaning that a higher dose of a drug is required to achieve a given plasma concentration. (High Vd -> More distribution to other tissue)